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CALIFORNIA  NAMES 

AND    THEIR 

LITERAL    MEANINGS 

ALSO 

Other  Primary  Geography  Names 

AND  THEIR   MEANINGS. 


A  BOOK  FOR  TEACHERS  AND  OTHER  CURIOUS  PEOPLE, 


COLLECTED    AND    ARRANGED    BY 

C.  M.  DRAKE, 

LONG  BEACH.  LOS  ANGELES    COUNTY,    CALIFORNLA. 


JONES   BOOK   AND   PRINTING  CO. 

LOS    ANGELES.  CAL 
1893. 


Naming  places  is  like  naming  babies,  and  it  is  a 
mere  chance  if  the  name  fits.  We  name  them  after 
some  great  man,  we  name  them  after  our  own  dear 
selves.  We  call  a  bay  or  a  baby  "Pearl"  and  we  think 
we  have  described  it.  We  even,  at  times,  select  fancy 
names  of  no  meaning. 

This  little  list  of  names  is  neither  complete  nor  accur- 
ate. The  California  names,  I  have  gathered  in  twenty 
years  roaming  around  this  State.  I  printed  a  small  list, 
sixteen  years  ago,  which  has  been  going  the  rounds  of 
the  newspapers   ever  since. 

The  translation  of  our  Spanish  names,  is  not  always 
easy.  Many  are  corrupt  spellings,  and  the  dictionary 
meaning  may  not  be  the  true  one.  1  give  them  as 
they  were  given  to  me  by  the  old  settlers,  and  if  they 
did  not  know  the  true  meaning  they  invented  one. 

"Why  diQ  }ou  spell  Cienega,  S-c-e-n-e-g-a.-*'  1  asked 
a  Ventura  settler.  "When  we  got  our  post-office,''  he 
replied,  "they  asked  me  if  Cienega  was  spelled  with  an 
S  or  a  C.  I  told  them  to  put  both  in  to  make  sure.'" 
So  I  have  sometimes  put  in  two  meanings  "to  make 
sure." 

Except  a  few  California  names,  this  list  is  taken 
from  the  maps  of  the  California  Elementary  Geography. 
For  the  convenience  of  the  teacher,  I  have  put  each 
map  by  itself,  and  have  repeated  some  names.      About 


l9394( 


one  fourth  of  the  meanings  I  have  taken  from  the  older 
editions  of  Webster's  Dictionary  and  Lippincott's 
Gazetteer.  Others  came  from  books  of  travel,  histor- 
ies and  newspapers.  Any  corrections  that  you  may  be 
Sure  of  will  be  thankfully  received  by 

C.  M.   DRAKE. 
Long  Beach,  California. 


CALIFORNIA    NAMES. 


AcAMPO — "pasture  land  on  commons/' 
Agricola — "a   farmer.'" 
Agua  Caientp: — "hot  water." 

"       Cayendo — "falling   water." 

"       DuLCE — "sweet  water," 

"        Hedionda — "stinking   water." 

"       Tibia — "warm  water." 

"        PuERCA — "water  for    pigs." 
Alameda — "a  walk,  with  trees."  i.  e.  jjoplars. 
Alamillo,  Alamitos — "little  poplars." 
Alamo  is  "cottonwood." 

Alamos  Muchos;  "many  pojjlars,""  or  cottonwoods, 
Albion — "mountainous  land."  Some  say  "white." 
Albuquerque — "white  oak." 
Alcatraz — "pelican." 
Alisos — "alders." 


CALIFORNIA. 


Almaden — "mine." 

Alpine  is  high  land,  where  it  "snows.'" 

Alta,— "high." 

Altamont — "high    mountain." 

Altaville — "high  town." 

Alturas — "the  heavens." 

Alvarado  is  a  surname  meaning  "white-road." 

Alviso — "the  view." 

Amador  is  a  surname  meaning  "lover." 

Amarago.sa  R.  has  bitter  water. 

American    R.  had    a  settlement  of  Americanos,  or 

people  from  the  U.  S. 
Anahei.m  is  "Anna's  home."" 
AnahL'AC  is  said  to  mean  "everlasting  water."' 
Angel  I.  was  named  for  Michael. 
Antelope  Valley  had  anteloj^e  in. 
Anita  is  "little  Anna." 
Antjoch  is  an  ancient  city. 
Arcade  is  a  row  of  arches. 
Arena — "sand." 

Arguello  is  a  surname  meaning  "thin""  or  "unhealthy.'" 
Arrowhead  Springs  has  a  mark  like  a  big  arrow- 
head on  the  mountains  near  by. 
Arroyo  Burro — "jackass  creek."  ^ 

"       Del    Norte — "north." 

"       Grande — "big    creek." 

"       Media — "middle   creek." 

"       Seco — "drv  creek." 


CALIFORNIA. 


Artesia,  from  Artois  in  France,  has  Artesian  wells. 
Atascadero  is  a  "miry   place." 
Atlanta  was  a  famous  city  and  game  of  Cxreece. 
Auburn   is  a  surname  meaning  "brown."      Also  an 

ancient  city. 
Azusa — "above:"     A    misspelling  of    Asusa,    I    was 

told. 

Baden — "bath." 

Bakersfield  is  the  "place  where  the  baker's  oven  is." 

Baldy  Mt.  is  bare  or  bald  on  its  top. 

Ballena  Mountain  looks  like  "a  whale." 

Bangor — "high  choir." 

Banning  is  a  surname. 

Banner  was  the  "banner"  mining  camp. 

Barro — "clay." 

Batavla — "low  plain." 

Bear  Valley.  There  are  many  bears,  and  bear  valleys 

in  Cal. 
Bellota — "acorns." 
Bella  Vista — "beautiful  view." 
Belmont— a  surname  meaning  "beautiful  mountain." 
Benedict  is  a  surname  meaning  "blessed." 
Benicia  was  the  wife  of  Gen  Vallejo. 
Berend.a — "antelope." 
Berkeley — "brook  meadow." 
Berlin — "uncultivated  land." 
Bernard  and  Bernardino— "Bernard." 


CALIFORNIA. 


Blanco — "white." 

Boca — "mouth." 

Bodega  was  a  Captain.     It  means    "pocket." 

Bolinas — "roiies?" 

Bonita — "pretty." 

Brea  is  named  from  the  coal-oil  residue  there. 

Brooklyn — "brook  pool." 

Buena  Ventura — "good  luck." 

"         Vista — "good  view." 
Butte — "lone  mountain." 

Cabrillo  Cape  was  named  after  the  discoverer. 

Cache  is    'a  hiding  place  for  goods." 

Cajon  is  "a  big  box,"  (valley)  shut  in   l)y  hills. 

Calaveras — -'place  of  the  ^kull." 

Caltente — "hot." 

Cambria    is    a    name    for  Wales,     meaning    "Cv.mri 
country." 

Campo — "camp." 

Campo  Seco — "dry  camp." 

Canada  is  a  "mountain  valley." 

"       DE  LOS  Coches — "pig  valley." 

"       "       "       NoQUES — "tan-pit  valley." 

"       Verde — "green  valley." 

Canon  is  a  deep  valley  with  steep  sides. 

Carissa  for  Carrizo — "a  reed  grass." 

Carlsbad — "Charles'  bath." 

Carmelo,  Carmelito — "a  flower." 

Carmen — "a  country  house." 


CALIFORNIA. 


Carxadero  is,  probably,  a  sheep  owner. 

Carneros  are  sheep,  though  Borego  is  the  Cal.  word 

for  sheep. 
Carpexteria  had  a  "carpenter's  shop"  there. 
Casa  Grande — "big  house." 
Castroville,  after  Gen.  Castro  (camp). 
Cayucas — "a  fishing  boat." 
Centinela — "a  sentinal." 
Ceres  is  the  Goddess  of  Grain. 
Cerrcs— "hills." 

Cerritos — "little  hills."     Also  written-CERiLLOs. 
Cerro  Gordo — "thick  hill." 
Chico— "little."  Gov.   Chico. 
Chileno — "from    Chili." 
Chino  is  a  Chinaman,  or  a  simpleton. 
Chocolate — "brown." 
CiENEGA — "swamp."    Wrongly   spelled    Scenega    in 

Ventura. 
Cimarron — "lost"   river. 
Cisco — "broken  coal." 
Cloverdale  Valley  has  much  burr  clover. 
CoAHUiLLA  or  Kaweah — "seceders."     Indians. 
Colorado — "red." 

CoLTON  was  a  R.   R.  man.      "Coal-town." 
Compton — Count's  town.     A  surname. 
Concepcion  honors  the  "Immaculate  Conception." 
Concord,  because  they  dwell  together  in  "harmony." 
Conejo — "rabbit." 


CALIFORNIA. 


Contra  Costa — "the  opposite  coast." 

CoppEROPOi.is — "copper  city,"  has  copper  mines. 

CoRDERO — "lamb." 

CoRONADO — "crowned."     A  surname. 

CoRRALiTOs,  or  "little  corral,"  is  a  cattle  pen. 

CoRTE  Madera — "wood  yard." 

CovoTE — "wolf." 

Crescent  C'iiv  was  built  that  way. 

Cruz,  Cruces — "cross-es." 

CucA.MONGA  is  a  "nun  of  evil  repute." 

Cuyamaca — -"it  rains  behind." 

Cypress  Pr.  is  covered  with  cypresses. 

Death  Vai.i.ev  from  the  many  deaths  of  those  crossing 
the  valley. 

Dehesa — "pasture    ground." 

Del  Mar — "of  the  sea." 

Delta  is  the  (ireek  D.     See  Dictionary. 

De  Luz — "of  light."     A  surname. 

Descanso — "place  of  rest." 

Diablo  is  the  "Devil's"  mountain.     A  favorite  Span- 
ish name. 

Diego,  Dieguito — "James." 

Dirigo — "a  straight  drive." 

DizuAS  was  a  saint. 

Dolores  is  a  woman's  name.     "Sorrowful." 

Dos  Cabezas — "two  heads." 
"     Palmas — "two  palms." 


CALIFORNIA.  1 3 


Dos  Pueblos — "two  villages." 

"     Valles — "two  valleys." 
I'yowNEY  and 

DowNiEviLLE  after  Gov.  Downey.      "A  hilly  slope." 
Drake's  Bay,  where  some  think  Sir  Francis  Drake 

wintered. 
DuLzuRA — "sweetness." 

El  Capitan — "the  Captain." 

El  Casco  is  the  place  of  the  wine  "cask." 

Eldorado — "the  land  of  gold." 

El  Molino — "the   mill." 

El   Monte — "the  thicket." 

El  Nido — "the  nest,"  meaning  residence. 

El  Paso — "the  pass." 

El  Rno  is  where  a  "ceremony"  was  performed. 

El  Sausal — "the  willow"  grove. 

Elsinore,  a  fancy  name  said  to  be  taken  from  Hamlet. 

Elwood   Cooper  settled  there. 

Encinal — "oak  woods." 

Encinitas — "little  oaks." 

Encino — "oak." 

Ensenada — "bay." 

Escondido — "hidden." 

EsPERAxzA — "hope." 

Espiritu  Santo — "Holy  Spirit." 

EsTERO — "a  salt  marsh." 

EsTRELLA — "star." 


14  CALIFORNIA. 


Etna — "a  mountain  of  fire." 
Eureka — "I     have  it." 

Farallonks — "needles,"  or  small  pointed  islands    in 

the  sea. 
Felipe — "Philip." 
Feliz — "happy." 
Flores,   Florin — "flowers." 
Folso.m — a  surname. 

French  Corral — camp  where  Frenchmen  mined. 
Fresno — "the  ash  tree." 

Gahilan  is   properly 

Gavilan — "sparrow  hawk." 

Gallinas — "chickens." 

Garcia  was  as  early  settler. 

Garrote — "strangling  with  an  iron  collar." 

Garvanza  is  said  to  mean  a  "pea  blossom." 

Gaviota — "gull." 

Glenella — Ella's   glen." 

Goleta — "schooner." 

Gordo — "thick"  or  fat. 

Gonzales,  a  surname. 

Graciosa — "gracious." 

Granada — "the  pomegranate. " 

Grantville — "big  town."     Named  after  Grant. 

Greenwich — "green  town." 

Guadalupe — "river  wolf.  " 

Gua  (wah)  is  the  Indian  for  house  by  the  water. 


CALIFORNIA.  1 5 


GuAji — "house  of  trees." 
GuAjOME — "house  by  frog-pond." 
GuATAY — "big  house." 
GuAjiTO — "little  house." 

Harford,  where  a  hare  can  ford  a  stream. 
Healdsburg — "Heald's    town."       "Healthy  town." 
Hermosa,  Hermosillo — "beautiful." 
HoLLisTER  is  a  surname  meaning — "one  who  lives  by 

the  holly  trees." 
Honda — "deep." 
Honey  L.  and  Springs.     There  are  many  wild  bees 

in  Cal. 
Hopland  is  adapted  to  hops. 
Hornitos — "little  oven."     It  is  very-hot  there. 
Hoy  A — "hole."     Sometimes  spelled    Jolla. 
Huacupin — "warmhouse." 
Hueneme — "house  by   the  sea." 
Humboldt — is  a  surname. 
Hurov — "hair." 

Ilpa  Mts.  have  many  "acacias"  on  them. 

Indio — "Indian." 

Inez  or  Ynez — "Agnes." 

Iowa  was  settled  by  folks  from  Iowa  (drowsy). 

IsLETA — "little  island." 

Jackson  was  a  President.     "Son  of  John." 
Ja  (ha)  is  water  in  the  Diegueno  language. 


l6  CALIFORNIA. 


Jacumba — "hut  by  the  water." 
Jacupin — "warm  water." 

Jamacha — "scummy  water,"  or  the  mock-orange. 
Jamul — "antelope  water." 
J  ANAL — "mother  of  waters." 
Japatul — "water    baskets." 
Jemet — "acorn  valley." 
Joaquin — "Joachim. ' ' 
JOLON — "snow." 

JoRNADO  Del  Muerto — "journey    of  death.'' 
Juan — "John." 
JuANA — "Jane." 
Juarez — a    surname. 

Julian — Mike  was  one  of  the  first  to  come  to  that 
camp. 

Kaweah — "seceders,"  same  as  Coahuilla  Indians. 

Kern  was  an  explorer. 

Keyes  and  King  are  like  surnames. 

Klamath — Indians. 

Knight's  Ferry  was  run  by  Knight. 

La — "the."   Las — "the"  plural. 

La  Ctrulla — "sand  hill  crane." 

Laguna — "lake. ' ' 

La    Joli.a,  or    Joya,  are  probably    misspellings  of — 

HoYA  "hole"  or  cave. 
La  Junta — "the  junction." 
Lakeside  is  by  a  small  lake. 


CALIP^ORNIA.  17 


La  Mesa — "the  table"   land. 

Lancha  Plana — "thin  flat  stone"  to  write  on. 

La  Patera — "the  duck  pond." 
I  La  Paz — "peace." 
.  La  1'Yaya — "the  beach." 

La  Presa — "the  dam"  of  the  Sweetwater. 

La  Porte — "the  port." 

La  Punta — "the  point"  or  cape. 

Las  Animas — "the  ringing   bells." 
''  Las  Cruces — "the  crosses." 

Las  Flores — "the  flowers." 

Las  Penasquitas — was  given  to  me  there  as  "little 
rocks."      It  looks  as  if  it  came  from  Pexa,  a  pain 

Las  Posas — "the  wells." 
"     PosiTAs  V  Calera — "the  springs  and  lime-kiln." 

La-;   Vegas — "the  meadows." 

Lassex,  Lathrof,   Latrobe,  and    Lawsox    are   sur- 
names. 

Leaxdro — "Leander. " 

Leox — "lion." 

Lerdo — "slow." 

Lincoln — (pool-hill-colon}',)  was  a  President. 

Lalcas — "place  of  thorns." 

LoBOS — "wolves." 

LOMA— "hill." 

Long  Beach  has  a  fine  long  beach. 

LoKEXzo  is  the  same  as  Lawrence. 

Los — "the"  masculine. 


CALIFORNIA. 


Los  Alamos — "the  poplars." 

"     Banos — "the  baths." 

"     Berros — "the  water-cresses." 

"     CocHEs — "the  pigs." 

"     CoRONADES — "tonsured  priests."  SeeCoronado. 

"     CuEROs — "the  hides." 

"     Feliz— "the  lucky." 

"     Gatos — "the  cats." 

"     Medanos — "the    sand  banks  on  the  sea  shore." 

"     NiETOS — "the  grand  sons." 

"     Osos— "the  bears." 

"     Prietos — "the  dark"  place. 

"     ROBLES — "the  oaks." 
Lugo — "a  kind  of  linen."     A  man's  name. 
Lyons — was  named  after  Gen.  Lyons. 

Madera — "wood." 

Madrone  is  the  strawberry  tree." 

Maneadero — "hobbling  ground"  for  horses. 

Manitou  is  the  Indian  God. 

Manuelito  is  little  Emanuel. 

Manzanita — "little  apple,"  is  a  fine  mountain    shrub. 

Mare  is  the  "sea"  island. 

Marin  was  an  Indian  chief. 

Mariposa  was  named  after  the  "butterfly"  lilies. 

Martinez  or  Martin,  is  a  surname. 

M ataquaquat —  "red  earth. ' ' 

Mendocino — "little  liar."     A  surname. 


CALIFORNIA.  1 9 


Menifee  is  a  surname. 

Merced — "mercy." 

Mercenarios — "a  mercenary." 

Meridian — "mid-day." 

Mesa  Grande — "big  table"  land. 

Mesilla — "little  flat-topped  hill. 

Mesquite  is  an  acacia  shrub. 

Miguel,  Miguelito — "Michael." 

Milpitas  is  said  to  mean — "little  gardens." 

MiLQUATAY — "big  foot"  Valley. 

Mission  Valley  contains  the  old  mission  buildings. 

MiTARAGUi — "crooked  land." 

Modesto — "modest." 

Modoc  Indians.     "Strangers." 

MojAVE  or  Mohave — "three  mountains." 

Mono — "a  monkey,"  from  reports  that  monkeys  lived 

there. 
Monte  Diablo — "Devil's  mountain." 
Montecito,  Monticello — "little  hill." 
Monterey — "Mt.  King." 

Monserrate — "notched  mountain."     A  surname. 
Moreno — "brown,"  or  swarthy.     A  surname. 
MoRRO  is  a  hugh  bald  rock. 

"     Hermoso — "twin  (brother)  rocks." 
Murrieta  was  the  owner  of  the  grant. 


Nacimiento — "birth"  of  Christ. 
Nadeau  was  a  settler. 


CALIFORNIA. 


National  City  is  on  a  ranch  once  belonging  to  the 
Mexican  "nation." 

Navajo  Indians.      It  is  a  "lake"  or  "plain"  in  Spanish. 

Nevada — "white  with  snow." 

New  Almaden — "new  mine."  Almaden  is  in 
Spain. 

Newhali.  owned  the  grant  on   which  the  town  is. 

New  Jerusalem  because  it  is  xor  like  Jerusalem,  be- 
ing noted  for  drunkenness,  etc. 

New  Year's  Pr.  was  discovered  on  that  day. 

Nogales,  the  native  California  walnut. 

NoRDHOEE  described  the  valley  in  a  l)ook. 

NovATO,  NuEvo — "new." 

Oar  Dale  is  a  valley  of  oak  trees. 

OcEANsiuE  is  by  the  side  of  the  Pacific. 

Ojai — "big  trees?" 

Olancha  was  given  to  me  as  "large  waves." 

Ol  ETA— "oily." 

Olla  is  an  unglazed  water   jar. 

O.MEGA,  O,  is  the  last  letter  in  (rreek. 

Orange  County  andTown.  raise  many  oranges. 

Org  Grande — "big  gold." 

"     Find — "fine  gold." 
Oroville — "gold  town." 
Otero  is  a  surname. 
Ortigalito — ^"little  nettle." 
Ortiz  is  a  surname. 


CALIFORNIA. 


Oso  Flaco— "poor  bear." 
OiAY— "big." 
Owens  is  a  surname. 

Pachkco  is  a  surname. 
Paguay — "meeting  of  the  valleys'" 
Paja'ro — "bird." 
Pai.a — "water." 

Palos  Vf.rdks — "green  sticks." 
Pasadena  is  called  the  Crown  of  the  Valley. 
Paso  Rohles — "pass  of  oaks." 
Pauba  and  Pau.ma  refer  to  the  water  there. 
Perris  was  a  R.  R.  man. 
Pescadero — -"a  fishing  place." 
Petai.uma — "low  hills." 
Petroliopolis — "oil  city." 
PiCACHO — "sharp  peak." 
PiEDRA  Blancas — "white  rocks." 
PiEDRA  Grande — "big  rock." 
Pigeon  Pt.     There  are  many  wild  pigeons  there. 
PiLARcrros — "little  pillars"  of  stone. 
Pinole — "parched  corn,  sugar,  and  water." 
PiNOs — "pines." 
Pinon — "a  nut  pine." 
Pipo  is  a  small  fly-eating  bird. 
PiRU,  miners  from  Peru  first  went  on  the  creek. 
Placer,  from  the  "mines  of  gold  on  the  creeks"  found 
there. 


CALIFORNIA. 


Plano — "plain." 

Pleito — "bargain  or  dispute." 

Plumas — "feathers,"  referring  to  the  Feather  (spray) 
river. 

Pomona  was  the  Goddess  of  Fruits. 

Poncho — "lazy",  also  a  kind  of  blanket  cloak. 

PoRTiLLO  is  a  little  gate — Porto. 

PosA — "a  spring,"  or  a  passing  bell. 

PoTRERO — "pasture  ground." 

PowAY  is  an  improved?  spelling  of  Paguav. 

Presidio — "garrison  or  penitentiary."  They  put  con- 
victs in  the  army. 

Puente — "a  bridge." 

Puerco — "dirty,"  or  a  pig. 

Pujol  is  a  surname. 

Punta  Arenas — "point  of  sands." 

Purissima — "most  pure"  Virgin  Mary. 

Rafaela — "Raphael." 

Ramona  was  the  heroine  of  a  well-known  romance. 

Ranchito — "little  farm." 

Rancho  Viejo — "old  farm." 

Raton — "mouse." 

Red    Bluff,  Redlands,  Redding,  (surname)    from 

the  color  of  the  ground. 
Redondo — "round"  or  pasture  land. 
Redwood  City  from  the  redwood  trees  there. 
Refugio — "refuge." 


CALIFORNIA.  23 


Reyes — "Kings." 
RiNCON  is  an  inside  corner. 
RiNCONADO — "corner  of  the  road." 
Rio  Grande — "big  river." 

"     Seco — "dry  river." 

"     Vista — "river  view." 
Riverside  is  not  far  from  the  Santa  Ana  river. 
Rodeo  is  a  rounding  up  of  cattle  for  branding. 
Romero  is  a  surname. 
Rosario — "rosary." 
RosEBURG — "town  of  Rose,"  the  owner. 

Sacramento  honors  the  Holy  Sacrament. 

Sal— "salt." 

Salazar — "salty." 

Salida — "a  start." 

Salinas — "salty." 

Salsi  Puedes — "get  out  if  you  can."  An  appropriate 
name. 
y/  San,  Santa,  or  Santo,  is  the  Spanish  for  saint.  More 
than  a  hundred  places,  in  California,  are  named 
after  the  saints.  A  few  of  the  places  were  dis- 
covered or  settled  upon  on  the  day  of  the  saint 
whose  name  they  bear.  Ranches,  which  give  their 
names  to  many  streams  and  towns,  were  named  after 
the  patron  saint  of  the  owner,  or  the  saint  whose 
day  was  the  owner's  birthday. 

San  Andreas — "Andrew." 


24  CALIFORNIA. 


San  Anselmo — "Anselm." 

"  Antonio— "Anthony." 

"  Bf.nito — "Benedict." 

"  Bkrnardo — "Bernard." 

"  Bkknardino — "Bernard  the  Less." 

"  Bruno — "Brown." 

"  Buenaventura — "Bonaventure." 

"  Carlos — "Charles." 

"  Clemente — "Clement." 

"  Diego — "James." 

"  DiEGurro — "James,    the  Less." 

"  Dim  AS — "Demas." 

"  DiZUAS— 

"  Domingo — "Dominic."    (Sunday.) 

"  Felii'e — "Phili[)." 

"  Fernando — "Ferdinand." 

"  Gorcjonio — 

"  Gre(;orio — "Gregory." 

"  Geronimo — "Jerome." 

"  loNATio — "Ignatius." 

"  Jacinto — "Jacinth." 

"  Joaquin — "Joachim." 

"  Jose — "Joseph." 

"  Juan — "John." 

"  Leandro — "Leander. " 

"  Lorenzo — "Lawrence." 

"  Lucas — "Luke." 

"  Luis — "Ixwis." 


CALIFORNIA. 


25 


San  Luis  Obispo — "Lewis  the  Bishop." 
"     Luis  Rey — "Lewis    the  King." 
"     Marcial — "Martial." 
"     Marcos — "Marlv.'" 
"     Mateo — "Matthew." 
"     Miguel — "Michael." 
"     Nicholas— "Nicholas." 
"     Onofre — "Humphrey." 
"     Pablo — "Paul." 
'      Pasqual — "Holy  Passover." 
"      Pedro — "Peter." 
"     QuiNTiN — (the  fifth.) 
"     Ramon — "Raymond." 
"     Rafaei, — "Raphael." 
"     Salvador — "Holy  Savior." 
"     Simeon — "Simon." 
"     TiMOTEO — "Timothy." 
"     Vicente — "Vincent." 
"     Ylejo — "Elias." 
"     YsiDRO — "Isadore." 
Santa  Ana—  "Anna." 

"       Anita — "Anna." 

"        Barbara — (stranger.) 

"       Catalina — "Kate." 

"       Clara — "Clara." 

"       Cruz — "Holy  Cross." 

"       Fe — "Holy  Faith." 

"       Gertrudis — "Gertrude." 


26  CAI.IFOKMA. 


Santa   Lucia — "Lucy." 

"        Marcakiia — "iVIargaret." 
Maria — "Mary." 

"        Monica — 

"        Paui.a — "Paulina." 

"        Rita — "Margaret,   Pearl." 

"        Rosa — "Rose." 

"        SusAXA — "Susan." 

"       Ynf.z-Ixkz — "Agnes." 
YsAHKi,— "Isabel." 
St.  Helkna— "Helen." 
St.   Louis — "Lewis." 
Sapinkro  is  a  kind  of  pine. 
Saratoga — "place  of  water    in  rocks."   Cit\'  in    New 

York. 
Sausalito — "little  willow." 

ScKNEOA  is  a  misspelling  of  Cienega — "a  swam|j." 
Secuan  is  a  jjrecipice. 
Sepulveda  is  a  surname. 
Ses.ma  is  "one  sixth"  of  the  land. 
Sespe  are  evil  spirits. 

Shasta — "men."    Lidians.   Some  say   "stone    house" 
Shingle  S[)rings  has  much  shingle  (gravel)  there. 
Sierra — "a  saw;"  then  a    mountain  because  the  to[)S 

look  like  saw-teetli. 
Sierra  MadrI', — "mountains  of  the  Mother"  of  Christ. 
Sierra  Nevada — "mountains    white  with  snow." 
SiMi — "source  of   water." 


CALIFORNMA. 


Siskiyou  Indians. 

SoBRANTE — "overplus." 

Solan  A — "sunny." 

Solano — "east  wind." 

SoLEDAD — "solitary. " 

Soto — "a  grove." 

Spencer  Valley,  after  a  settler.     "One  who  gives  out 

food." 
Stanislaus  is  a  Spanish  Christian  name. 
Stockton  was  a  Commodore.     "Castle  town." 
Sumac  or  shoemake  is  plentiful  in  California. 
SuMi — "sunken." 
SuR — "south." 

Sutter  was  an  early  settler,  Capt.  John  Sutter. 
Sweetwater    river  comes  from  the  mountains  and  is 

"agua  dulce." 


Tahoe — "big  water." 

Tamalpais — "dumpling  ground.'"      Named    after    tlie 

Tomales  Indians. 
Teaco— "black." 
Tecate — "salt  water."" 
Tecolote — "the  ground  owl." 
Tehama — "low  land." 
o  Tejon — "badger." 
Temecula — "the  rising  sun"  hit  the  house  very  early. 
Temescal — "a  sweat  hou.se." 


CALIFORNIA. 


TiA  JuANA — -Aunt  Jane — was  corrupted  horn  Tiwaxa 

— "by  the  sea." 
TiBURON — "shark." 
TijERA  — "sheep-shearers  " 
ToDOs  Santos — "All  saints." 
ToLjor. — "source  of  water." 
ToRO  is  "a  bull." 

Trabuco  Ranch  land   is  much   "tumbled  about." 
Trks  Finos — "three  pines." 
'I'rigo — "wheat." 
Trinidad — "Trinity." 
Tulare — "place  of  tules"  or  rushes. 

Vacaville — "cow  town." 

Valle  Eautista — "Bajjtist  valley.  ' 

Vallecitos —  "little  valleys." 

Valle  de  las  Puloas — "valley  of  the  fleas." 

"        "     "     Viejas — "valley  of  old  women." 
Vallejo — "little  valley."       Is    named    after    (Tcneral 

Vallejo. 
Vega— "a  meadow." 
Ventura     is    a    contraction    of    San     Buenaventure, 

whose  name  means  "good  chance." 
V I  c  E  N  r  E — "Vincent." 

\'lEJAS "old." 

Vina — "a  vineyard." 
ViRGENES — "virgins.' 
VisALiA — "look-out  place." 


CALIFORNIA.  29 


VoLCAX — "volcano." 


Warner  was  the  owner       "One  who  kept  a  warren." 

Waterford  is  sometimes  a  fort  by  the  water,  some- 
times a  ford. 

Winchester  (Win-castle)  was  a  R.  R.  man. 

WiLDOMAR  is  a  fancy  name. 

Wilmington — "William's  town." 

Wilson'.s  Peak.  The  surname  means  "son  of  Wil- 
liam." 

Yolo — "tules"  or  "rushes." 
Yreka — "cave  mountain." 
Yuba  is    said    to   be  a    corruption  of  the  Sjjanish  for 

"grapes." 
Yo  Semite — "^rizzlv  bear." 


THE    HEMISPHERES. 


Africa  means  "black  man's  land." 

Alber'I'  Lake  was  named  in  honor  of  Albert,  the  hus- 
band of  Queen  ^'ictoria. 

Ai.EuriAX  is  the  Russian  for  -'bald  rock." 

Alp.s  means  mountain  "white  with  snow.'" 

Amazon' — "boat-destroyer."  The  tide  sometimes 
comes  u]j  the  Amazon  in  waves  ten  and  twenty  t'eet 
high,  and  destroys  many  small  boats. 

Amkkica  was  named  in  honor  of  Amerigo  \'espucci, 

A.MOOR — "water"  or  "river.  " 

Ani>k.> — "copi)er."" 

AxTARC'iic — "opposite  the  Arctic"  or  great  l)ear, 

A  RA  III  ax — belonging  to  tlie  country  of  the  .\rabs — 
"desert  men." 

Aral — "island." 

Arctic  is  the  "great  bear"  of  the  astronomers. 

Asia  means  "the  east" 


32  THE    HEMISPHERES. 

Atlantic — because  it  was  "beyond  the  Atlas"  mount- 
ains. 

Atlas  was  a  king  of  Mauritania  (Morocco)  who  was 
thought  to  support  the  heavens  upon  his  shoulders, 
after  being  turned  into  a  mountain. 

Australia  is  "south  land." 

Azores — "hawks." 

BAB-EL-MAXitEH  is  the  "gate  of  tears." 

Baffin  Bay  was  explored  by  William  Baffin  in  1616. 

Baltic  Sea  is  full  of  "belts"  or  straits. 

Barrow — "hill."      Sir  John   Barrow  was  in   England 

an  official   whose  position    is  similar  to  that  of  our 

Secretary  of  the  Xavy. 
B  EH  RING  Sea  and  Strait  was  named  in  honor  of  the 

explorer,  Vitus  Behring. 
Bengal — "to  go  crooked." 

Bermuda  was  discovered  by  Juan  Bermudez  in  1522. 
Biscay  was  named  after  the  "Basque"  province.  Basque 

means  "mountain  land." 
Black  Sea  is  full  of  black  rocks. 
Blanco  is  the  Spanish  for  "white." 
Borneo  means  "land." 
British  Islands  were  so  named  for    the  "tin"   found 

there.     Britannia  means  the  "land  of  tin." 

Canary  Islands  were  so  named  from  the  fine  dogs 
(canis)  bred  there. 


IHK    HKMlSI'HKkK 


Cai'k  ^'KRl)  Islands  are  off  Cape  Verd  (green)  of 
Africa. 

Carip,p,f.ax  Sea  was  named  after  the  Carihs  (cruel  men) 
who  Hve  east  of  it. 

Carolixf.  Islands  were  named  in  honor  o\  Chas.  \\ 
King  of  (jermany  and  Spain.  Caroline  is  the  femi- 
nine of  C'harles-Carolus  in  Latin. 

Caspian  Sea  was  named  after  the  C^aspi  tribe,  wht) 
settled  on  its  shore. 

Ckvi.ox  means  "isle  of  lions." 

Chixa  is  the  "land  of    Tsin,"  who  built   the  great  wall. 

Coi.fMHiA  is  the  "land  of  Columbus." 

Cook  Islands  were  named  in  honor  of  Capt.  Cook, 
the  great  navigator. 

I )  A  X  u  B  K— '  'low  meadow. 

Davis  Strait  was  discovered  by  John    l)a\is  in     151S5. 

Ri:ropk  means  "broad  face,"  or  land. 

Fai.kiaxd    Islands   were    named    in    honor  of  Henr\ 

Falkland,  an  English  statesman. 
Farkwki.i, — The  .sailors  bid    "farewell""  to  the  land  at 

this  cape. 
F"arthkr   Ixdia — Hindoostan  was  the   nearer    India, 

or  "great  river  land." 
Frif.xdlv  Islands  were  so  called  by  Cook,  because  the 

natives  were  "triendlv." 


34  THK    HK.MISPHKRKS. 


(tAI.apagos  Islands  were    so    named    from   the    man\- 

"turtles"  found  there. 
Gallinas  is  the  S[)anish  for  "chickens." 
Ganges — "river." 
CiiKRA[,-iAR — "hill  of    larik." 
Gobi  is  "a  desert." 
(tOOd  Hoi'K   Cape  was  so   called    because   there    was 

"good  hope"  of  getting  to  India  after  rounding  this 

cape. 
(treenlaxi)  was  so   named   to  encourage  settlers  from 

Iceland,  though  there  is  green  moss  on  its  coast. 
CiuiNEA  means    "land  of  gold."      New   Gimnea    also 

has  gold. 

HIMALA^•A — "abode  of  snow." 

HiNDOOsiAX — "Hindoo-land."  Hindoo  is  the  same 
as  Indus  or  "great   river." 

HoA\G-HO — "yellow  river." 

Horn — This  cape  was  named  after  Hoorn,  the  birth- 
place of  its  discoverer. 

Hudson  Kay  and  Strait  was  named  after  the  discoverer 
Henry  Hudson. 

IcKBERf;  means  "ice  mountain.'' 

IcKi.ANi)  has  much  i(-e  from  (irecnland,  on  its  northern 

coast. 
Indus  means  "great  river,"      Hence,    India,    Indian 

Ocean,  and  Hindoos  i  an. 


IHK    HK.MISPHF.RKS.  35 


Japan  named  after  Niphon,  its  largest   island,    means 

"sun  land.'' 
Java  is  the  "land  of  nutmegs,"  some  say  of  rice. 

Lf:xa  means  "sluggard."      The  river  runs  slowly. 
London  means  the  "fortified  hill  by  the  i)ool." 

Mackenzie  River  was  discovered  by  Alex.  Mackenzie. 

Madagascar — "Malay-land." 

Magellan    Strait    was    named    after    its     discoverer^ 

Ferdinand  Magellan. 
Marshall  means  "horse-servant.''      The  Islands  were 

named  in  honor  of  John?  Marshall. 
Mediterranean  means  "in  the  middle  of  the  land." 
Mendocino  is  a  surname,  "a  little  liar." 
Mexico  was   named   after  Mexitli,  their  God  of    War. 
Mississippi  is  "great  water." 
Missouri  is  "muddy  water.'" 

New  Caledonia — The  old  name  for  Scotland  was 
Caledonia  meaning  "Gael's  hill  land."  (rael  means 
"hidden  rover." 

New  Hebrides — named  after  the  Hebrides  or  "West- 
ern" Islands  of  Scotland. 

Newfoundland  was  so  called  by  Cabot,  the  discoverer. 

New  York  was  named  in  honor  of  the  Duke  of  York. 

New  Zealand  means  "new  sea-land." 

Niger  means   "black." 


36  IHK    HK.MISPHKRE; 


North  Cape,  North  East  Cape  and  North  (ot  (rer- 

many)  Sea  show  direction. 
Nova  Zkmbi.a — "new  land." 

(Jraxgk  River  settlers  came  from  Orange  in  Holland. 
Orinoco — "coiled  up  snake." 

Pacific  Ocean  is  "peaceful."       Magellan    so  named  it. 
Pal.mas  Cape  was  nanied  from  its  "palms."' 
Panama  is  the  name  of  a  mud  fish  found  there. 
Pkrin  is  the  "north  capital." 
Pkrsia  is  the  "land  of  the  Parsees"  or  men-tigers. 

Rko  Sea  was  so  called  from  the  red  earth  of  its  bed. 
Rio  i)K  LA  Plata  means  "river  of  silver."     The  water 

shines  like  silver. 
Rio  Janeiro — "river  of  January." 
Rocky  Mountains  are  full  of  rocks. 

Sahara — "desert."" 

Sandwich   Islands  were  named  in    honor  of    the  P>arl 

of  Sandwich  (sand  town),  who   was  the    First    Lord 

of  the  Admiralty. 
Society  Islands  were  also  named   by  Cook,  in    honor 

of  the  Royal  Society. 
Si'.  Lawrence  Gulf  was   explored  on  St.    Lawrence's 

day. 
St.  Lucas  Caoe  was  named  in  honor  of  St.  Luke. 


THK     HEMISPHKKKS.  37 

Sr.  RoQUK  Cape  was  sighted  on  that  day. 
Sumatra — "happy  land." 

Taxganika — -"plain-like  lake." 
Tasmania  was   named   after  the  discoverer,  Abel   Tas- 

man. 
TiRRRA  I)p:l    Fue(;o — "land  ot   fire."      Magellan    saw 

many  fires  there. 

Ural — "belt"  or  "girdle." 

\'alparai.so — "vale  of  Paradise." 

Vanxouvkr  was  a  Middy  under  Capt.  Cook,  when  he 

discovered  the  island. 
V^KRi)  is  "green." 
Victoria  Lake  and  Victoria  Land    were    named    in 

honor  of  Queen  Victoria. 
Volga  was  named  after  the  Volsci  tribe. 

Wkst  1x1)1  ks  were  thought  by  Columbus  to  be  India. 
West  was  added  afterwards  to  distinguish  them  from 
the  East  Indies. 

Yang  Tse  Kiang — "son  of  the  sea." 
Yellow  Sea    has  an  immense  (juantity  of   yellow  mud 
poured  into  it  by  the   Hoang-Ho,  or    "yellow  river." 


I9894^ 


NORTH  AMERICA. 


Alaska — "great  country." 

Ai.HANv  was  named  in  honor  of  the  Duke  ot"  York  and 

Albany.      Albany  means   "high  land.''      Albyn    was 

Scotland. 
Ai.HKK  I A  was    named    in  honor  of    Albert,    Prince    of 

Wales. 
Akcnc — "belonging  to  the  great  bear." 
Arkax>a> — "bow  of  smoky  water." 
A>iA — "east." 
A>pixwALi,  was    a    merchant.      The   city    is   proj^erly 

Colon  after  Columbus. 
A->siNMHOiA    is   the  land  of    the  Stone-Sioux   (Indians.) 
.AiHAHAscA  means  "swampy  land." 
A  iLAX  lie  is  the  Ocean  "beyond  the  Atlas"  Mountains. 

Baxks     LaxI)  was  named  in  honor  of  Sir  Jos.  Banks. 
Barrow  is  a  surname  meaninu  "hill." 


40  NORTH    AMKRICA. 


Bathukst  is  a  surname.      Hurst  means  "woods." 
Behrino  was  the  discoverer  of  Behring  Sea  and  Strait. 
Bellk  Lsle  is  "beautiful  island." 
Bermuda  was  discovered  by  Juan  Bermudez. 
Boothia  is  "Sir  Felix    Booth's   country."'    Booth  is   a 

surname  meaning  "house  of  boughs." 
Boston — "St.  Botolph's  town." 
Brazos — "arms." 
Bristol  is   a   surname  meaning   "breach  place."    Thi 

Avon  in  England  makes  a  breach  there. 
British  Coi.u.mbia  honors  Columbus  and    belongs  to 

Britain. 
Brooklyn — "brook  pool." 

Canada — "a  village  of  huts." 

Cape  Breton   Island  is  the    same    as    (ireat    Britain 

Islands. 
Cascade  Mountains  were  so  named  from  tlie    "falls" 

of  the  Columbia  there. 
Central  America  lies  between  Xokih  America  and 

South  America. 
Charleston   is  the   "town  of  Charles,"  K.ing  of  Eng- 
land. 
Chicaoo  is  said  to  mean  "stinking." 
Cincinnati  was  a  .society  named  in  honor  of  the  noted 

Roman,  Cincinnatus. 
CocKBURN   was  an   Explorer.      The  name  means    one 

who  lived  at  the    "place  of  the  Cock,"  which  was  a 

common  tavern-sign. 


NORTH   AMKRICA.  4I 

Cod  Cape  was  named   from  the  cod-fish  caught  there. 

Columbia — "land  of  Columbus." 

CoNCKPTiON  Cape  was  named  to  honor  the  "Immacu- 
late Conception." 

CoRR  1  ENTEs — "currents ."' 

CuiMKERLANi)  IS  the  "land  of  hollows;'"  some  say' 
"Cymri-land." 

Danish  America  belongs  to  the  Danes  (Dan's).    Dan 

was  a  Norse  Chief. 
Davis  Strait  was  discovered  by  John  Davis. 

East  Cape  is  "east"  of  Asia. 

Ellesmere  is  a  surname  meaning  "Elias-lake."     Also 

an  English  town. 
Erie    is   the  name  of   a    tribe  of  Indians.      It   means 

"wild  cat." 

Ei.atterv — "level." 

Florida    was    discovered   on    "Pascua    Florida"    or 

Easter  Sunday. 
Fox  is  a  common  surname  applied  first  to    "cunning" 

men. 

Great  Bear    Lake  is  towards  the  group  of  stars  thus 

named. 
Great  Slave    Lake    was  probably   named   after  the 

Slavonian  people. 


42  NORTH    AMKRICA. 

Greknlaxi)    might    have  been  named  from  the    green 

moss  on  its  coast. 
Grixxkij.  Land  was  discovered  l)y  the  U.  S.  Grinnell 

Expedition,  in  1850. 

Havii — "high  land." 

HoxDURAs — '^deej)  water." 

HuDsox   Bay    and  Strait    were   discovered    by  Henry 

Hudson. 
Humboldt  was  a  noted  scientist, 
HuROX    means    "hair,"  tVom  an  Indian    tribe    having 

much  hair. 

IcELAXD  has  much  ice  on  its  northern  shores, 

Jamaica  is  the  "country  of  springs." 

Kaxk  was  a  noted  explorer  in  the  Arctic  region. 

Labraiior   is  "plow    land,"  to    contrast  with  the    un- 

cultivatable  C^reenland. 
Laxcasikr  is    in   England,  "the  fort  on    the    Lune" 

river. 
Leon — "lion." 
Lower  Cai.iforxla  was   so   called    to  distinguish   it 

tVom  Alta  or  Upper  California. 

^LACKEXZIE    was     the    discoverer    of    the    Mackenzie 
River. 


NORTH   AMKRICA.  43 


MANiroHAis  "Manitou  land."      Manitouis  the  Indian 

(Tod. 
Mexico  was  so  called  from  Mexitli,  the  Aztec  (iod  of 

War. 
Michigan  is  a  "fish  dam." 
Mississippi — "great  river." 
Missouri — "muddy  river." 
MoNiRKAi.  —"Mount  Royal." 

Nova  Scotia  is  "New  Scotland."' 

Ontario — "a  village  on  a   mountain." 
Oitawa  was  named  from  the  "traders"  who  first  went 
there. 

Pacific  means  "peaceful  " 

Panama  is  the  name  of  a  mud  fish  found  there. 

Philadklphia  is  the  city  of  "brotherly  love." 

PopocATAPpyri. — "smoking  mountain." 

Portland  is  the  "land  by  the  port,"  or  harbor.  Por- 
tus  was  a  noted  Roman. 

PoRTO  Rico  is  the  "rich  port." 

pRKsiDKNTs  Lani)  was  named  in  honor  of  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States. 

PkiNce  Albfrps  Land  and  Princk  of  Wales  I, 
were  named  in  honor  of  Albert,  Prince  of  AA'ales. 

Quebec  means  "take  care  of  the    rock"  in    the  river. 
Queen    Ch.vrlotte   I.   was    named     to    honor  that 
Oueen. 


44  NORTH    AMERICA. 

Red  River  gets  its  name  from  the  color  of  its  water. 
Reikiavik  means  "steam  town,"  from  the  hot  springs 

near  it. 
Rio  CiRANDE  is  "big  river." 
Rocky  Mountains  are  "rocky." 

Sable — "sand." 

Salt  Lake  City  is  near  the  (4reat  Salt  Lake. 

San  Francesco  is  named  to  honor  St.  Francis. 

"     Jose  is  named  to  honor  St.  Jo.seph. 

"     Lucas  is  named  to  honor  St.  Luke. 
Saskatchewan — "swift  current." 
Sierra  Madre — "Mother  mountains." 

"        Nevada — "mountains  white"  with  snow. 
Smith    is   a    common     surname    meaning    "one    who 

smites"  or  strikes. 
Snake  River  was  so  named  from  the  Indians  who  live 

near  it. 
SouTHHA.MPTON  means  "south  home  town." 
St.  Elias,  St.  Johns,  Sr.  Lawrence,  St.  Louis  and 

St.  PauI  show  the  religious    feeling  of  the  Catholics 

who  named  them. 
Superior  is  the  "larger"  lake. 

Upernavik  is  the  "upper  town." 

Vancouver   L  was  named  after  one  of  Capt.    (Jook's 

officers,  afterwards  Capt.  Vancouver. 
Vera  Cruz  means  the  "true  cross." 


UNITED    STATES. 


Adirondack — "he  eats  bark." 

Alabama — "here  we  rest." 

Alaska  is  a  "great  country." 

Albany,  named  after  the   Duke  of  York  and  Albany, 

means  "high  land." 
Albemarle  is  "white  earth." 
Albuquerque — "white  oak." 
Alleghany  is  the  "country  of  the  Alligewi." 
Alta.\laha  is  "where  the  town  is." 
Annapolls  was  Queen  "Anne's  city." 
Appalachlan  Indians  gaYe  the  name  to  the  mountains. 
Arizona  is  said  to  mean  "sand-hills." 
Ashland  is  land  on  which  the  ash  tree  grows. 
Astoria  is  John  Jacob  "Astor's  land." 
Atlanta  was  a  city  and  game  of  Greece. 
Augusta — "grand." 


46  UNITED    STATKS. 


Austin — ''grand.'"      Stephen    Austin    is    often    called 
the  Father  ot'  'I'exas. 

Bakfr  is  a  surname  meaning  "one  who  bakes." 
Bai.timork    was    named  after    Lord    Baltimore,    the 

founder  of  Maryland. 
Bangor  is  said  to  mean  ''high  choir." 
Baton  Rough  means  "red  staff.""      A  huge  red    cedar 

once  stood  there. 
Bismarck,  is  a  noted  German  statesman. 
Black  Hills  are  dark  in  color. 
BoisK — "woods."" 
Boston  was  "St.  Botolph's  town." 
Brazos — "arms." 
Brooklyn  —  ''brook  pool." 
Buffalo  once  roamed   there. 
Butte  is  a  "lone  mountain." 

Canada — "a  village." 

Canadian  settlers  first  lived  on  the  river. 

Carolina  is  the  "country  of  (King)  Charles.'" 

Carson  was  a  noted  explorer. 

Central  City  is  in  the  center  of  the  mountains. 

Chami'Lain  explored  the  Lake  of  that  name. 

Charles  Cape  and  Char[t-:st'jn  were  named  in  honor 

of  King  Charles. 
Chattahoochee — "painted  stone  " 
C  H  i:s A  PEA  K  E — "^reat  waters. "' 


L'NMTEl)    Sl'AlKS.  47 


C  H E\  KXN  K — "scarred  arm. ' ' 

Chica(;() — "stinking." 

CiNXiNXAii — from  Cinciniiatus,  a  noted   Roman. 

Clakkf.    was    the    discoverer  of  that    River.      Clarke 

is  the  same  as  "clerk.'' 
Clevklam) — "cliff-land.'" 
Coij  fish  abounded  off  that  Cajie. 
Columbia  and  ColUxMBUS  honor  America's  discoverer. 
CoNXORi) — "harmony." 
CoNNKCTicuT — "long  river.'" 
Cu.MHEKLANi) — "land  of  hollows"  or  "Cymri  land." 

Dakota  is    the  name  of  a  tribe  of    Indians.      Dakota 

means   "allied." 
Dallas  was  a  Vice-President  of  the  United  States. 
Davexfokt  was  a  settler  there. 
Delaware  was  named    after  Lord    de   la    Ware,  who 

died  there. 
Deminc; — "doom-town"  a   surname. 
Des  Moixes — "the  mounds," 
Detroel — "strait." 
Dover — "a  ferry." 
Dubuque  was  named  after  a  settler,  Julian    Dubuque. 

El  Paso — "the  pass." 
Erie — "wild-cat''  Indians. 
Eureka — "I  have  it." 
Everglades — "low  swampy  land." 


48  UNITED    STATES. 

Fargo  of  the  Express. 

Florida  was  discovered  on  Easter.   "Pascua  Florida.'' 
Frankford — The  Franks  were  a  German  tribe. 
Fremont  was  a  noted  explorer. 

Georgia  is  King  "George's  country." 
Glazier — "one  who  puts  in  glass."     The  name  of  an 
explorer,  who  did  not  discover  the  lake  (Elk  Lake). 
Gold  Hill,  because  of  the  mines. 
Grand — "big." 

Great  Salt  Lake— as  the  name  indicates. 
Green  River  has  that  color. 

Harrisburg — Henry's  or  "Harry's  town." 

Hartford — where  the  deer  cross  the  stream. 

Hood  was  an  explorer. 

Houston  was  a  noted  Texan. 

Hudson  River  was  named  after  the  discoverer,  Henry 

Hudson. 
Humboldt  was  a  noted  scientist. 
Huron  Indians  wore  their  "hair"  long. 

Idaho — ^"gem  of  the  mountains." 
Indiana — "Indian  land." 
Indianapolis — "Indian-land  city." 
Illinois — "tribe  of  men." 
Itasca  is  probably  a  fancy  word. 

Jackson  and  Jacksonville    were    named   in    honor 
of  General  Jackson. 


UMl'El)    S'lATF.S.  49 


Jamks  River  was  named  after  King  James. 
JKFFF.ksox  City  honors  Thomas  Jefferson. 
John  Day  River  was  named  after  a  settler. 
Juan  df  Fica    was  a  Greek  explorer,  who  discovered 
the  Strait. 

Ra.^v^as — "smoky  water." 
Kansas  City  is  close  to  Kansas. 
Rfntucky — "at  the  head  of  a  river." 
Kfy  Wfsi' — A  key  is  a  small  island. 

Laxsin'g  is  a  surname. 

Las  Vecas — "the  meadows." 

Lawrenxf     is   a    surname    meaning    "crowned    with 

laurel." 
Leadvh.lf — From  the  lead  and    silver    mines    found 

there. 
Leavenworth  is  a  surname.      Worth  is  a  farm-home. 
Lewis  was  a  noted  explorer  who  went  with  Clarke. 
LrriLE  Rock    has  a    small  rock  in  the  river  near    the 

town. 
Llano  Estacado  or    Staked    Plain   was  once  cros.sed 

by  a  line  of  stakes  to  guide  emigrants. 
Long  Island  is  long  in  shape. 
Long's  Peak  was  named  after  a  "long"  man. 
Los  Angeles  is  the  City  of  the  Queen  of  "the  Angels." 

Madison  was  one  of  our   Presidents. 


50  UNITED    STATES. 


Maine  was  named  after  a  French  province. 

Manxhester — "the  hero's  castle." 

Maryland  was  named  after  Queen  Henrietta  "Maria." 

Marysvillk  was  name  J  after  the  wife  of  a  settler. 

Massachusetts — "about  the  great  hills." 

Memphis — "temple  of  God." 

Mendocino — "a  little  liar." 

Mexico — Mexitli  was  the  Aztec  God  of  War. 

Michigan  — "a  dam  for  fish." 

Miles  City — in  honor  of  General  Miles. 

Milwaukee — "rich  land." 

Minneapolis — "water  city." 

xMiNNESOTA — "cloudy  water.' ' 

Mississippi — "great  river." 

Missouri — "muddy  river." 

Mobile — "weak  ?  city." 

Moosehead  is  where  the  moose  lived. 

Montana — "mountain  land." 

Montgomery  was  a  noted  General. 

Montpelier — "girl's  mountain." 

Nashville — Nash  means  one  who  lives  "at  the  ash" 

tree  place. 
Nevada — "white"  with  snow. 
Newark — -"new  ark"  or  ])lace  of  refuge. 
New  Haven,  or  "new  harbor"  of  refuge. 
New  Jersey,  named  after  the  isle  of  Jersey — "Caesar's 

land." 


UNITED    STATES. 


New  Mexico  was  purchased  tVom  Mexico. 

New  Orleans,  after  Orleans  in  France. 

Newport — "new[)ort,"  or  harbor. 

Nk.v  York  was  named  after    King  James,  then  Duke 

of  York  and  Albany." 
Niagara — "neck of  water,'   some  say  "thunder  water.'" 
Niobrara — "running  water." 
Norfolk—  "north  folks." 

Oakland  has  many  oak  trees. 
Ogden  is  a  surname  meaning  "hog's  den." 
Ohio — "beautiful"  river. 
Olvmpia — "Jupiter's  land." 
Omaha  Indians  lived  there. 
Ontario — "a  village  on  a  mountain." 
OREGON^"river  of  the  west,"   some    say  "wild  maijo- 
ram,"  which  grows  there. 

Pacific — "peaceful." 

Pennsylvania — "Penn's  woods." 

Philadelphia — "city  of  brotherly  love.'' 

Phcenix — a  fabulous  bird  which  springs  from  its  own 

ashes. 
Pierre — Peter,  meaning  "rock." 
Pikes  Peak — The  Pikes  are  Missourians. 
Pitt  is  a  surname  meaning   "one  who  works  in  a  pit" 

or  hole. 
Pittsburg  is  "Pitt's  town." 


52  UNITED    STATES. 


Platte — "shallow. ' ' 

Portland  —  where  the  ships  can  land. 

Potomac— "place  of  the  burning  pine." 

Prescott — "priest's  house." 

Providence — to  commemorate   the   care  or    (iod   in 

leading  them  there. 
Provo  is  a  surname  meaning  "set  before." 

Raleigh  was  named  after  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  (Ralph's 
meadow) . 

Red  is  a  common  name  for  muddy   rivers   and   lakes. 

Rhode  Island — "red." 

Richmond — The  King  of  England  is  Earl  of  Rich- 
mond. 

Rochester  is  a  surname  meaning  "strong  castle.'' 

Sabine — "the  red  cedar." 
Sable — "sand." 

Sacramento — "sacred."     To  honor  the  Holy  "Sacra- 
ment." 
Salem  is  a  contraction  of  Jerusalem,  "house  of  peace.' 
San  Antonio  honors  St.  Anthony. 

Diego  was    reached  on  St.  James'  day. 

Francisco  honors  St.  Francis. 

Joaquin  honors  St.  Joachim. 

Jose  honors  St.  Joseph. 
Santa  Fe  is  "Holy  Faith." 
Savannah — "meadow." 


UNITED  Sl'ATES.  53 


Seattle  was  an  Indian  chief. 

Shasta — "men."     Is  the  name  of  a   tribe  oi  In.lians. 

Smoky  Hill  is  near  the  head  of  that  river. 

SouiH  Pass  City  is  by  that  pass    tlirough  the    RocKy 

Mountains. 
Springfield  is  a  field  that  contains  a  spring. 
St.  Augustine  was  founded  on  that  day. 
St.  Lawrence  was  e.xplored  on  that  day. 
Superior — "larger." 

Tallahassee — "old  town  on  river. " 
Tenvessee — "big  bend  river." 
Texas — "place  of  friends"  or  protection. 
Toledo — "families"  or  races. 
Trenton — "winding  river  town." 
Trinliy,  to  honor  the  "three"  (kxls  in  one. 
Tulare  was  named  from  the    "tules"  or  rushes  iouiid 
there. 

Vermont — "green  mountains."  Its  mountains  are 
covered  with  evergreens. 

ViCKSBURG — "Vick's  town."  Vick  is  a  surname  mean- 
ing "in  the  place  of""  Christ. 

Virginia  was  named  after  Klizal)eth,  tlie  "X'irgin" 
Queen. 

Virginia  City  was  named  by  a  Virginian. 

Walla  Walla  is  the  name  of  a  tribe  of  Indians. 
"Awav  down." 


54  UNITED  STATES. 


Washington  honors  our  first    President.       Literally, 

"meadow  creek   town." 
West  Virginia — This  state  was  cut  off  trom  Virginia 

during  the  Civil  war. 
Wheeling — "wheel     town,"     because     wagons   were 

made  in  the  English  town. 
White  River  from  the  color  of  the  water. 
Whitney  was  a  geologist.      "A  bleacher"  of  linen. 
WiLLAiMETTE — "Uttle  William. " 
Wilmington — "William's  town." 
Wisconsin — "wild  rushing  channel." 
Woods — The  Lake  of  the  Woods  is    surrounded    by 

great  forests. 
Wyoming  State   gets    its    name    from    the    Wyoming 

Indians  of  New  York  and  Pennsylvania. 

Yankton  is  the  name  of  a  tribe  of  Indians. 
Yuma  is  the  name  of  a  tribe  of  Indians. 


MEXICO,  CENTRAL  AMERICA  AND 
THE  WEST   INDIES. 


Atlantic — "beyond  the  Atlas"  Mountains. 

Balize  is  a  corruption  of  "Wallace,'"  a  pirate. 
Blanco — "white." 

California  was  an  island  in  a  Spanish  romance,  and 

Cortez  thought   that  Lower  California    was  also   an 

island. 
Caribbean — the   Caribs  or  "cruel    men"  live    on   its 

eastern  side. 
Central    America     is  between    North   and    South 

America. 
Corrientes — -"currents." 
Co.STA  Rica — "rich  coast."     Gold   was    found   there. 

DuLCE — "sweet." 


56  MEXICO,  ETC. 


El  Limon— "the  lemon,"  which  grows  there. 

Gracios  a  Dios — "thanks  to  God"   said  an  early   ex- 
plorer, as  he  rounded  the  cape  in  a  storm. 

Hayii — "high  land." 

Honduras  is  the  land  of  "great  depth." 

Ja.maica  is  the  "land  of  springs." 
KiNOsTON,  in  honor  of  the  King  of  England. 
Leon — "lion." 

Mexico  is  named  after  Me.xitli,  the  Aztec  God  of  War. 
Mosquito  Gulf  adjoins    the    Mosquito   Coast,   where 
mosquitoes  abound. 

Nicaragua   was  named  after  Nicaro  (balsam),  a  chief. 

Pacific — "peaceful." 
PopocATAPETL — "siiioking  mountain." 
Porto  Rico — "rich  port." 
Puerto  Principe — "chief  gate." 
PuNTA  Arenas — "point  of  sands." 

Rio  Grande — "big  river." 

San  Antonio — "St.  Anthony." 
"     Domingo — "holy  Sunday." 


MK.XICO,   KTC.  57 

San  Jose — "St.  Joseph." 

"     Juan  dei.  Sur— "St.  John  of  the  south." 

"     Salvador — '"Holy  Savior." 
Sierra     Madre— "mountains    of      the    Mother"    of 
Christ. 

fEGUCiGAr.PA — -"city  of  the  silver  hills." 
Trinidad — ^"trinity." 

UNiiED  States — -many  states  are  united  in  one 
country. 

Vera  Cruz — ^"true  cross." 

U'es  r  Indies — to     distinguish     from    the     true  India 

(great-nver-land.) 
Windward — "towards  the  wind." 

Yucatan — "What  do  you  say?"  asked  the  natives 
when  the  Spaniards  in(|uiied  the  name  of  their 
country. 


SOUTH     AMERICA, 


Amazon — "boat  destroyer."  Great  waves,  from  ten 
to  twenty  feet  high,  come  in  with  the  tide  at  the 
full  moon  and  destroy  boats. 

America  was  named  aftei  Amerigo  Vespucci. 

Andes — "copper." 

Argentina — "silver  country,"  from  the  silvery  looks 
of  its  rivers. 

AsPiNWALL  was  a  merchant  whose  ships  went  there. 

Asuncion,  in  honor  of  the  "assumption"  of  the  Vir- 
gin Mary  into  heaven. 

Bahia  is  on  a  "bay." 

Blanco — "white." 

Bolivia  was  named  after  (ien.  Bolivar,  the  Liberator. 

Brazil — "dye-wood,"  which  we  get  from  there. 

Buenos  Ayres — "g;ood  air." 


6o  SOUTH    AMERICA. 


Chili — "land  of  snow." 

Chiloe — ".snow  island.'' 

Chimborazo — "chimney." 

Chincha — "bugs  ?" 

Cocha  Bamba — "drinking  pool." 

Colon  is  the  Spanish  name  of  Columbus. 

CORRIENTES — "currents." 

Cuenca — "a  wooden  bowl." 

Ecuador  is  on  the  "equator." 

Frio — "cold." 

Galapago.s — "turtles." 
Gallinas — "chickens." 
Georgetown — from  King   George. 

Horn  was  named  from   Hoorn  in    Holland,  the  birth- 
place of  the  discoverer. 

Juan    Fernandez    (John    Ferdinand)    was    the     dis- 
coverer in  1567. 

La  Paz — "the  peace." 
Llanos — "flat  lands." 

Madeira — "wooded." 
Magdalena  is  a  woman's  name. 
Magellan  was  the  discoverer  in  1^20. 


SOUTH    AMKKICA.  6  I 


Maracaibo — "water  dwellers."      'I'hey  built  on    piles 

to  be  rid  ot"  mosquitoes. 
Matto  Grosso  is  "covered  with  big  huslies." 
McNrEViDEO — "a  sightly   mountain.'' 

Negro — "black." 
Orinoco — "coiled  snake." 

Pampas — "big  plains.'' 

Panama  is  the  name  of  a  mu^j  fish  found  there. 

Para — "father  of  waters."  It  means  "river"  in  Par- 
aguay, Parana,  Pari.marii^.o,  and  Peru. 

Paraguay — -"river  of  rivers." 

Patos — -"ducks.'' 

Peru — "a  river  city." 

Rio  de  r,A  Plata — "river  of  silver.  '  The  water 
shines  like  silver. 

Rio  Janeiro — "river  of  January." 

Salado — "salty." 

San  Francisco — "St.   Francis." 

San  \Fatias  was  discovered  on  St.  Mattias  day. 

Sani'Iago — "St.  James. ' ' 

Selvas — "forests.' ' 

Serra  do  EsPiNHACO-  "mountains  of  tliorns." 

Staten — "a  settlement/'  station  or  town. 

Si .  RoQUE  Cape  was  sighted  on  that  day. 

Sucre — "sutiar." 


62  SOUTH    AMERICA. 


TiERRA  DEL  FuEGO — "land  of  fire,"  from  the  fires 
seen  by  Magellan. 

Trinidad  has  "three"  mountain  peaks  which  Colum- 
bus first  thought  were  three  islands.  So  he  called 
them  after  the  Trinity. 

United  States  of  Columbia  was  named  after  Colum- 
bus. 

Valparaiso — "Vale  of  Paradise." 

Venezuela  called  "little  Venice"  because  the  natives 

lived  in  houses  built  on  piles  out  in    the  lake,  to  be 

rid  of  the  mosquitoes. 


EUROPE, 


Adriatic  is  the  sea  of  the  Emperor  "Adrian." 

Africa — "black  man's  land." 

Alps — "height  white  with  snow." 

Amsterdam  was  built  at    the    "dam  of   the    Amstel" 

River. 
Apennines  are  "small    mountains'"    compared  to    the 

Alps. 
Archan(;el,  in    honor  of  the  "chief  angel"    Michael. 
ARCHiPEi.Af;o — "the   chief  .sea." 
Arctic  is  from  a  word  meaning  "bear." 
Asia — "east." 

Astrakhan — "district  of  a  Khan"  or  ruler. 
Athens  is   the  city  of    Athene,  or  Minerva,  the    (iod- 

dess  of  Wi.sdom. 
Atlantic  is  "beyond    Mt.    Atlas'"  as    compared   with 

the  Mediterranean. 


64  KUROPK. 

Au.iTKiA  is  the  "eastern  empire." 

Balearic — "throwing,"  because  the  inhabitants  were 

expert  slingers. 
Baltic  Sea  is  full  of  "belts,''  or  straits. 
Barcelona  was  named  from  Hamilcar  "Barca." 
Belgium,  Bul  ;aria  and  Volga  get  their  names  from 

the  Belgia?  tribe. 
Belgrade^ "white  city." 
Bergex — -"mountains." 
Berlin — -"uncultivated  land." 
Berne  — "bears." 
Biscay — "Basque    country,"  or    mountain    provinces. 

Webster  says  "forests." 
Black.  Sea  has  black  rocks  and  black  storms. 
Blanc  is  a  "white"  mountain. 
Bordeaux  is  on  "the  border""  of  the  water. 
Bosphor us  is  the  "ox-ford." 
Bothnia— "deep  sea."" 
Brest — "great""  ])ort. 
British  is  from  Britannia — -"land  of  tin." 
Bucharest  is  a  "city  of  enjoyment.'" 
BuDA  and  Pesth  are  on  opi)osite  sides  of  the  Danube. 

Buda  founded  Buda  city. 
])ULGARiA — see  Belgium. 

Caxdia — "land  of  trenches." 

Caspian  Sea  was  named  from  the  Caspii  tribe. 


EUROPE.  65 

Cattegat  is  the  "strait  of  Catti." 
Caucasus  Mountains  are  "white"  with  snow. 
Christiana  was  rebuilt  by  Christian  IV. 
CoNSTAXTixopr.E    is   the    "city  of    Constantine,"    its 

founder.      When  he   became  a    Christian  he   was  to 

be  "constant"  to  his  religion. 
Corsica  is  a  "wooded  island." 
Crimea  is  the  Kimri  or  "Cymri-lancl." 
CvPRES-;  is  from  the  Greek  name  of  the  Law.sonia  alba. 

Danube — "low  meadow." 

Daruanelle.s  is    the  Strait  of  Hardanus,  who  built  a 

city  there. 
Denmark  is   Dan's  mark  or    boundary .      Dan    was    a 

Scandinavian  chief. 
Dneiper  is  the  "upper  river,"  and  Dneister,  the  "lower 

river." 
Don — "low." 
Dover — "a  ferry." 
Dublin — "black  pool." 

Ebro  from  the  Iberi  tribe  who  settled  Iberia -now  Spain. 

Edinburc.h — -"Edwin's    castle." 

Elboorz — "peaked  mountain." 

England — "Angle  land."     The    Angles    were  a  Cier- 

man  tribe  who  con(juered   England. 
Etn.a — "mountain  of  fire." 

Faroe — "sheep  island." 
Finisterre — "the  end  of  the  land." 


66  EUROPE, 

Florence — "flowers." 

France — "land  of  the    Franks"    or    freemen.     They 

carried  a  "franca,"  or  kind  of  javelin. 
Frankfort — "fort  of  the  Franks." 

Genoa— "city  of  Janus,"  who  also  names  January. 
Germany— "neighbors'      country."       Webster      says 

"warriors." 
Gibraltar — "hills  of  Tarik." 
Glasgow — "dark    ravine." 
Gottenberg  is  a  "town  on  the  Gotha"  river. 
Guadiana  is  the  "river  Anas." 

Hague — "hedge. ' ' 
Havre — "harbor. ' ' 
Hebrides — "western." 
Holland — "swampy  land." 
Hungary — "land  of  Huns"  or  giants. 

Iceland  is  a  "land  of  ice." 

Ireland — "western  land." 

Italy  was  named  from  King  Italus. 

Land's  End  is  the  South  West  end  of  England. 

Lapland  is  where  the  Lapps  live. 

London — "fortified  hill  by  the  pool." 

Lyons  City — "hill  of  the  raven." 

Lyons  Gulf — the  storms  roar  like  "lions." 

Manchester — "the  castle  of  the  man"  or  hero. 
Marmora  has  "marble"  on  one  of  its  islands. 


EUROPE.  67 

Mediterranean  is  "in  the  middle  of  the  land"    that 

was  first  known. 
Montenegro — "Black  mountain." 
Munich — "monks." 
Naples — "new  city." 
Netherlands — "lower  lands." 
North    Cape    is    north  of    Europe.     North    Sea   is 

north  of  Germany. 
Norway — "North  island." 
Nova  Zembla  is  a  "new  country." 
Novgorod — "new  city." 
Opor']-o — "the  port." 
Orkney — "whale  island." 

Poland— "men  of  the  plains"  formerly    over-run    the 

country. 
Portugal — "port  of  Cale." 
Prague — "threshold." 

Reikiavik — "steam  town,"  from  the  hot  springs  there. 
Rome — "strength,"  founded  by  Romulus. 
Roumania  and  Roumell-x  were  Roman  provinces. 
Russia  was  settled  by  the  Russ  tribe. 

Sardinia  is  the  "land  of  the  Sardonian"  plant. 

Scotland — "wanderers  land." 

Servia    is    the   "land  of  the    Suevi"  who    afterwards 

settled  Sweden. 
Shetland  is  "Viking  land."    Vik  means  "creek."  The 

Vikings  used  to  hide  their  pirate  vessels   in    creeks. 


68  EUROPE. 

Sicily  was  settled  by  the  Siculi  tribe.  Webster  says 
"cut  off." 

Sierra  Nevada — -"mountains  white  with  snow." 

Skagerrack—  "crooked  strait  between  the  promon- 
tories." 

Sophia — "wisdom." 

Spain — "land  of  rabbits." 

St.  George  was  the  patron  saint  of  England. 

Stockhoem — "castle  island." 

Sweden — "Swedes  and  Danes."     See  Servia. 

Switzerland — There  were  three  (schweitz)  cantons, 
including  the  canton  of  Schwyz,  which  first  de- 
clared independence  of  Austria. 

Thames — "broad  water."    (Isis  R.) 
Turkey — "land  of  the  Turks"  or  Tartars. 

Ural — "belt"  or  girdle. 

Venice  is  where  the  "Veniti"  tribe  lived. 
Vienna  was  the  home  of  the  "Vends." 
Volga  and  Bulgaria  were  the  homes  of  the  "Volsci" 
tribe. 

Wales — "foreigners."     Webster  says  "west." 
White  Sea  is  white  with  snow  half  of  the  time. 


ASIA, 


Afghanistan  is  the  "country  ot"  the  Afghans." 

Africa — "black  man's  country." 

Altai — "Golden  mountains." 

Amoor  and  Amoo — "water." 

Arabia — "men  of  the   desert   land."     Webster    says 

"west." 
Aral — "island." 
Ararat — "huge. ' ' 
Arctic — "great  bear." 
Asia — "east." 

Bab  el  Mandeb — "gate  of  tears." 
Baikal — "rich  lake,"  i.  e.  full  of  fish. 
BEHRINC7  Sea  and  Strait  were  named   after    their    dis- 
coverer. 
Beloochistan  is  the  "country  of  the  Belooches." 
Benares — "splendid." 
Bengal — "to  ^o  crooked." 


70  ASIA. 

Black  Sea  has  many  black  rocks. 

Bokhara — "treasury  of  sciences.'' 

Bombay — "good  harbor." 

Borneo — "land." 

Bramahpootra — "Son  of  Brahma." 

Calcutta — "landing  place  of  the  Goddess  of  Time." 

Canton — "large  east  town." 

Caucasus — "white.' ' 

Ceylon — "isle  of  lions." 

China — "the  country  of  Chin"  or    Tsin,    who    built 

the  great  wall.     Webster  says  "the  middle  nation." 
Constantinople — "City  of  Constantine,"  who  found 

it. 
Delhi — "a  quicksand." 
Europe — "broad  face"  land. 
For  mosa — "beautiful ." 

Ganges — "river"  or  "great  river." 

Gobi — "desert."     Also  called    Shamo   "sea  of  sand." 

Hainan — "south  of  the  sea." 
Himalaya — "abode  of  snow." 
Hindoo  Koosh — "great  mountains." 
HiNDOOSTAN — "Indus  land." 
HoANG  Ho — "Yellow  river." 

India — "Indus  land." 
Indus — "Great  river." 
Ispahan — "a  soldier." 


ASIA.  71 

Japan  is  the  same    as    Niphon   (sun-land),  its    largest 

island. 
Jerusalem — "place  of  peace." 

Kelat — "fort." 

Laccadive — "Lakara  islands."    Dive  means  "islands." 

Lassa — "land  of  divine  intelligence." 

Lena — "slow"  river. 

Madras — "University  town." 

Malacca  and  Malay  Peninsula    are  named  from  the 

Malays  who  live  there. 
Medina — "The  city." 
Mediterranean — "in  the  middle  of  the  land." 

Nankin — "South  Capital." 

Niphon — "sun  land." 

Nova  Zembla — "new  country." 

Pacific  is  not  a  "peaceful"  ocean  on  this  coast. 
Papua  people  have  huge  "frizzled"  heads  of  hair. 
Pekin  is  the  "North  Capital." 
Persia — "land  of  the  tigers,"  meaning  the  Parsees  or 

Persians. 
Philippine  Islands   were    named    after    Phili[)   II,  ot 

Spain  and  Germany. 

Red  Sea — from  its  red  bed. 

Siberia-- "country  of  Siber,"   an  ancient  Tartar  cap- 
ital. 
Singapore — "city  of  lions." 


72  ASIA. 

Smyrna — "myrrh,"  which  it  was  once  noted  for. 

St.  Petersburg  is   the   "town  of  Peter"   the    Great, 

who  was  the  founder. 
Sumatra — "happy  land." 

Tartary — "the  land  of  the  Tartars"  who  lived  north 

of  the  great  wall. 
Tashkend — "stone  fort." 
Tigris — "arrows." 

Tobolsk — "Tobol  River   town."     — sk  means   town. 
Turkestan  and    Turkey— "land  of  the   Turks"    or 

Tartars. 

Ural — "belt"  or  girdle. 

Yang  tse  Kiang — "son  of  the  sea." 
Yellow  Sea  gets  much  yellow  mud    from  the   Yellow 
(Hoang  Ho)  River. 


AFRICA. 


Abyssinia — "mixed  race  country." 

Agulhas — "needles." 

Albert  Lake  was  named  after  the  husband  of   Queen 

Victoria . 
Alexandria  was  founded  by  Alexander  the  (ireat. 
Algeria — "Island  country." 

Ascension  Island    was  discovered    on  Ascension  day. 
Atlas  was  said  to  bear  the    world   upon  his  shoulders 

after  he    was    changed   into    a   mountain.       These 

mountains  name  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 
Azores — "hawks." 

Bab  el  Mandeb — "gate  of  tears." 
Berbera — "desert  country." 
Blanc — "white." 
Bon — "good." 

Cairo — "the  victorious." 
Canary — "dos"  islands. 


74  AFRICA. 

Cape  Colony  and  Capf:   Town  because  ihev  are  by 

the  Cape  of  Good  Ho]:)e. 
Cape  V'erd  Islands  are  off  Cape  Verd, — "green." 
CoNSTANTiNE  was  built  by  that  King. 

Delgado — "a  strait  place." 

Egypt — "land  of  opi^ression." 

Fernax1)0  Po  was  a  Portuguese  discoverer. 

Free  Town  was  where  the  English    took    the    negr(jes 

they  captured  from  slavers. 
Frio — "cold." 

GiRRALTAR — "hill  of  Tarik." 

Good  Hope  to  get  around  Africa  to  India. 

Guinea — "abounding  in  gold.'' 

Liberia — "country  of  liberty." 

Madagascar — "Malay  land. '" 
Madeira — "timber. '' 

Mediterr.-vnean — "in  the   middle  of  the  land." 
Monrovia — in  honor  of  President  Monroe. 
Morocco — "Moor's  land." 

Natai.  was  discovered  on  that  da_\-.    (Nativity  day.) 
Niger— "black." 
NvAssA— "the  sea." 

Orange  River  and  Free  S  r.vn:  were  settled  by  Dutch 
from  Orange  in  Holland. 

Palm  AS — "]xalms." 

PiETER.MARiTZBURG — "Peter  and  Mary's  town." 


AFRICA.  75 

Rf.I)  Sea  has  a   red  bed. 

Sahara — "desert." 

Sknf.gamhia — from  the  Senegal  and  (ianibia  rivers. 

SiKRRA  Lkonf — "mountain  Hon." 

Snow  Mountains  are  often  covered  witli  snow. 

SouDAX — "land  of  blacks." 

S'l'.  Hflfna  was  discovered  on  that  day,  1502. 

Tanaxarivo  is   "the    town  of  the  Ovahs,"  a    tribe  of 

Madagascar. 
Tanganyika  is  "a  plain-like   lake." 
Tripofi — "three  cities." 
Tunis  is  the  land  of  the  Tunes,  who  live  there. 

Vfri)  Cape  is  noticeably  "green"  from  the  contrasting 
Sahara. 

VicrORF\  Falls  and  Lake  are  named  for  Queen  Vic- 
toria. 

Za.mhfzf — "Negro   River  ?" 

Zanzibar — "Neuro  coast." 


OCEANICA. 


Adelait)e  was   the  Queen  of  England. 

America  Islands  were  discoverea  by  an  American. 

Arnheim — "Eagle's  home." 

Arru  is  a  kind  of  food. 

Auckland  was  an  English  lord. 

AusTRALASi.A — ''south-east  land." 

Australia — "south  land." 

Bass,  George  Bass  discovered  the  Strait. 

Batavia — "low  plain." 

Bathurst  is  a   surname  meaning  "a  bathing  [jlace   in 

the  woods." 
Borneo — "land." 

Botany  Bay  was  once  noted  for  its  new  "plants." 
Bougainville  was  a  French  traveler. 
Caroline   Islands    were   named  after    ('harles  V,    oi 

Spain. 
Carpentaria — From  the   first   discoverer,  Carpenter. 


78      '  OCEANICA. 

Chatham    Islands    were    named    after    Pitt,    Earl    ot 

Chatham. 
Christmas  Island  was  discovered  on  that  day. 
Cook  was  a  noted  explorer. 

Darling  is  a  surname  meaning  "a  little  dear." 
Dawson  is  a  surname  meaning  "son  of  David." 
DuNKDiN--  "Edwin's  hill." 

EoMON  r  was  an  explorer. 

Ei.LiCK  is  a  surname  meaning  "Elias." 

EspiRiTU  Santo — "Holy  Si)irit." 

Flinders-   River   was    named   after  Mat.    Flinders,    a 

noted  explorer. 
Friendi^y  Islands  were  so  named    by    Cook,    because 

the  natives  were  "friendly." 

Hav/aii   was  founded  by  a  fisherman  named  Hawaiidoa. 
HoNoLur,u — "sheltered  slope." 

Java — "land  of  nutmegs." 

Ladronks — "thieves."     The  natives  stole    from    Ma- 
gellan. 

Magellan  was  a  noted  discoverer. 
Malacca. — "Malay  country." 
Malaysia — "East  Malay  country." 
Marquesas — "marks."      A  surname. 
Melp.ol'rne  was  premier  of  England  when  Melbourne 
City  was  founded. 


OCKANICA.  79 

Mh'.i,viLi,K  was  an  English  lord. 

Mix  DA  X  AO — "lake  dwellers. " 

Molucca^  were  named  tVom  the  ''Malay"  inh.ihilants . 

MuRRA)'  was  Sec.  of  State  tor  the  C-olonies, 

Xkw  Cai.kdjxia  was  named    after  Caledonia  or  Scot- 
land. 
Xkw  (ti;ixi:a    was  so  nameu    trom  the    ''gold"    foimil 

there. 
Xi:w  Hkic^'dks — -from  the  Hebrides,  "western"  IslaniJs 

near   Scotland. 

Xi:w  Zi;ai.axii — is  the  "new  sea  land." 

X ( ) R I'o 1 .  1^ — "north  fol k . " 

OcKAXiCA — "ocean  land.'' 

Fai.mkr->iox  was  a  noteii  l\nglish  premier. 

Pai'TA — "frizzled, "  ret'ers  to  the  hair  of  the  nati\es. 

Phi  I, MM':  x;',    Islands    were  named    for   King  l'hili[)  II. 

i*H'i';x!\  is  a  fabled  bird  that  arises  from  its  own  ashes. 

l\)i,vxi',  --I  A  — "manv   islands." 

(^iM'.KX  ^lAXn  was  named  in  honor  of  (^ueen  \'i  'toria. 

Saxdaich — "sand  town."  I'hc  I^arl  of  Sandwich, 
was  a  noted  gambler  and  his  favorite  luncdi  wldle 
gamt)ling  was  the  sliced  me;it  and  l)read;,  now  called 
sandwiches. 

Sax  lA  Ciu"z --"Holy  cross." 

SociKiA-  Islands — after  the  Roval  Societs ,  of  which. 
Cook  was  a  meml)er. 

Solom:)X — "[)eaceable." 


8o  OCEAN  ICA. 

Spencer  is  a  surname    meaning  "one    who    gives    out 

food." 
Spice  Islands  have  many  spices  growing  there. 
Sumatra — "happy  land." 
Sydney — "St.  Denys." 

Tasmania  was  named  from  its  discovery  by  Abel  Tas- 
man. 

Torres   (towers)    Strait  was    discovered    by   Captain 
Torres  in   1606. 

Victoria    is  the  Queen  of  England. 
Wellington  was  a  great  General. 


^/ 


This  book  ia  DUE  on  the  last 
date  stamped  below. 


i^,  *mim-:^,'^''-' 


DEC 


'  \/ 


LD-U, 


i  I  193-", 
7 


..?_|P.'^I^^.'-^. 


AM 

7-4  A- 

RECD  LD-U^C 
1^  MAY    1 11972 

[ApR27fi7? 


PM 
9-10 


DEC 


OECOI 


REMINGTON    RAMD    INC.    20        213  (533) 


SBS 


3  1158  00525  0955      "^'Z; 


A  A      000124  359    1 


